منابع مشابه
Evolution and animal welfare.
Animal welfare is a topic often thought to reside outside mainstream biology. The complexity of the methods used to assess welfare (such as health, physiology, immunological state, and behavior) require an understanding of a wide range of biological phenomena. Furthermore, the "welfare" of an animal provides a framework in which a diversity of its responses can be understood as fitness-enhancin...
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Males in many species invest substantially in structures that are used in combat with rivals over access to females. These weapons can attain extreme proportions, and have diversified in form repeatedly. I review empirical literature on the function and evolution of sexually selected weapons to clarify important unanswered questions for future research. Despite their many shapes and sizes, and ...
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Animals make up only a small fraction of the eukaryotic tree of life, yet, from our vantage point as members of the animal kingdom, the evolution of the bewildering diversity of animal forms is endlessly fascinating. In the century following the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, hypotheses regarding the evolution of the major branches of the animal kingdom - their relationships to each...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 1922
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.8.7.219